Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC (DCI) is the author and creator of this specification for the purpose of copyright and other laws in all countries throughout the world. The DCI copyright notice must be included in all reproductions, whether in whole or in part, and may not be deleted or attributed to others. DCI hereby grants to its members and their suppliers a limited license to reproduce this specification for their own use, provided it is not sold. Others should obtain permission to reproduce this specification from Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC.
This document is a specification developed and adopted by Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC. This document may be revised by DCI. It is intended solely as a guide for companies interested in developing products, which can be compatible with other products, developed using this document. Each DCI member company shall decide independently the extent to which it will utilize, or require adherence to, these specifications. DCI shall not be liable for any exemplary, incidental, proximate or consequential damages or expenses arising from the use of this document. This document defines only one approach to compatibility, and other approaches may be available to the industry.
This document is an authorized and approved publication of DCI. Only DCI has the right and authority to revise or change the material contained in this document, and any revisions by any party other than DCI are unauthorized and prohibited.
Compliance with this document may require use of one or more features covered by proprietary rights (such as features which are the subject of a patent, patent application, copyright, mask work right or trade secret right). By publication of this document, no position is taken by DCI with respect to the validity or infringement of any patent or other proprietary right. DCI hereby expressly disclaims any liability for infringement of intellectual property rights of others by virtue of the use of this document. DCI has not and does not investigate any notices or allegations of infringement prompted by publication of any DCI document, nor does DCI undertake a duty to advise users or potential users of DCI documents of such notices or allegations. DCI hereby expressly advises all users or potential users of this document to investigate and analyze any potential infringement situation, seek the advice of intellectual property counsel, and, if indicated, obtain a license under any applicable intellectual property right or take the necessary steps to avoid infringement of any intellectual property right. DCI expressly disclaims any intent to promote infringement of any intellectual property right by virtue of the evolution, adoption, or publication of this document.
With the publication by Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC, (DCI) of version 1.0 of the Digital Cinema System Specification in July 2005, DCI recognized that digital cinema had the potential to significantly improve the movie-going experience for the public. In the years since version 1.0, technological developments and innovation have realized that potential in many areas of picture and sound reproduction. Now, further advances in High Dynamic Range (HDR) technology in both reflective projectors and direct view displays offer new opportunities to enhance the theatrical motion picture experience.
DCI believes that these new HDR opportunities require a rational, empirical basis for setting image parameters. To this end, DCI has conducted extensive image testing, employing both lay and expert viewers. The requirements in this addendum are the considered results of these investigations, specified for both reflective and direct view image devices. The DCI member companies believe that their utilization will provide real and achievable benefits to theater audiences, theater owners, filmmakers and distributors.
The
proper
presentation
of
This
specification
defines
a
High
Dynamic
Range
Digital
Cinema
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume,
an
HDR
D-Cinema
Distribution
Master
(HDR-DCDM)
requires
the
definition
of
(HDR
DCDM),
an
HDR
Reference
Display
D-Cinema
Package
(HDR
DCP)
and
controlled
environment.
This
specification
defines
the
requirements
on
a
HDR
Reference
Display
and
specifies
the
tolerances
around
the
critical
image
parameters
for
in
both
Review
Rooms
and
Exhibition
Theaters
so
that
environments.
The
goal
is
to
achieve
consistent
and
repeatable
color
image
quality
can
be
achieved.
2
Scope
π
This
specification
defines
the
HDR
Reference
Display
and
its
controlled
environment,
along
with
the
acceptable
tolerances
around
critical
image
parameters
for
Review
Room
and
Exhibition
Theater
applications.
High
Dynamic
Range
(HDR)
D-Cinema
presentations.
The
HDR
Reference
Display
is
a
practical
device
and
may
be
an
HDR
projection
system
or
a
direct
view
display.
The
goal
is
to
provide
a
means
for
achieving
consistent
and
repeatable
color
image
quality.
The
HDR
Reference
Display
is
a
practical
device.
The
nominal
parameters
are
based
on
industry
experience
and
have
been
demonstrated
by
commercially
available
HDR
displays
in
controlled
environments.
Two
levels
of
tolerances
are
specified,
a
tighter
tolerance
for
Review
Rooms
where
critical
color
judgments
are
made,
and
a
wider
tolerance
for
satisfactory
reproduction
in
Exhibition
Theaters
used
for
general
public
viewing.
(The
use
of
the
term
βReview
Roomβ
includes
the
mastering
environment
where
creative
color
decisions
are
made
on
a
displayed
image.)
To achieve consistent and repeatable HDR D-Cinema presentations, this specification defines a DCI HDR Color Volume, an HDR D-Cinema Distribution Master (HDR DCDM), an HDR D-Cinema Package (HDR DCP) and requirements for an HDR Reference Display in both Review Rooms and Exhibition Theaters environments. The HDR Reference Display may be an HDR projection system or a direct view display.
This document shall be integrated into DCIβs Digital Cinema System Specification.
The names of standards publications and protocols are placed in [bracketed text]. International and industry standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this specification. The most recent editions of the referenced standards shall be valid unless otherwise exempted in this specification. These referenced standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based upon this specification are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the referenced standards.
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
The smallest unit of d-cinema content that can be successfully edited while maintaining the integrity of the content. The edit unit value shall be an integer multiple of the duration of a single d-cinema frame. In most cases, the edit unit value is the same as the frame duration, but in certain applications, the value can be >1 (for example, stereoscopic d-cinema requires an edit unit value twice that of the frame duration).
The
DCI
HDR
Reference
Display
shall
support
Color
Volume
is
the
HDR-DCDM,
with
full-range
12
bit
image
data
formatted
for
[SMPTE
ST
2084]
EOTF
with
[ISO
11664-3]
cuboid
(in
XYZ
colorimetry
at
2048x1080
or
4096x2160
image
structures
and
frame
rates
as
described
in
Table
1.
5.1
Signaling
HDR
in
DCP
Packaging
π
HDR
content
shall
be
identified
coordinate
space)
defined
by
the
presence
of
an
HDR
flag
in
both
[SMPTE
ST
377:2004]
MXF
three
color
primaries
and
CPL
metadata,
which
indicates
that
the
EOTF
is
[SMPTE
ST
2084]
.
For
MXF
picture
track
files
that
carry
HDR
essence,
this
fact
shall
be
signaled
using
the
Transfer
Characteristic
property
of
the
MXF
Generic
Picture
Essence
Descriptor
to
indicate
the
EOTF
is
[SMPTE
ST
2084]
.
The
UL
value
to
be
used
shall
be
06.0E.2B.34.04.01.01.0D.04.01.01.01.01.0A.00.00
.
Composition
Playlists
containing
picture
track
files
that
carry
HDR
essence
shall
signal
this
fact
using
[SMPTE
ST
429-16]
Metadata
as
described
white
point
specified
in
Table
1
:
.
|
|
---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Below
is
an
example
excerpt
from
such
a
Composition:
The
primaries
of
the
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume
correspond
to
the
P3
primaries
specified
at
[SMPTE
ST
2113]
.
The (x, y) coordinates of the white point of the DCI HDR Color Volume correspond to D65 white.
An HDR DCDM shall correspond to either a 2D or a 3D (stereoscopic) presentation.
The
image
dimensions
and
edit
rate
of
an
HDR
Reference
Display
DCDM
shall
support
be
one
of
the
content
frame
rates
in
combinations
specified
at
Table
2
,
expressed
in
Edit
Units
per
second:
.
|
2D
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|
Image dimensions |
|
|
|
Edit rate (Edit Unit/s) |
24
48 60 96 120 |
48 60 |
24
48 60 |
Support
for
HDR
stereoscopic
presentations
is
optional;
βRequiredβ
in
the
2K
3D
category
of
Table
2
applies
only
to
displays
in
which
HDR
stereoscopic
exhibition
is
implemented.
Stereoscopic
HDR
implementations
have
yet
to
be
sufficiently
demonstrated
to
DCI.
Therefore,
parameters
for
stereoscopic
3D
HDR
DCDM
are
reserved
for
this
specification.
Additional
requirements
for
stereographic
3D
HDR
DCDM
may
be
specified
by
DCI
in
a
future
specification.
6
Standard
Dynamic
Range
(SDR)
Mode
π
An
HDR
system
in
SDR
Mode
shall
display
SDR
content
in
a
manner
that
emulates
the
SDR
display
on
which
the
content
was
mastered,
including
to
[SMPTE
ST
431-1]
.
An
HDR
system
in
SDR
Mode
shall
not
reproduce
screen
black
level
values
lower
than
0.01
cd/m
2
.
In
SDR
Mode,
the
grayscale
tracking
shall
conform
to
[SMPTE
RP
431-2]
,
with
the
exception
that
screen
black
level
shall
only
be
displayed
at
luminance
levels
As
specified
at
or
above
0.01
cd/m
2
.
7
Initial
Conditions
π
The
display
shall
be
turned
on
and
allowed
to
thermally
stabilize
for
20
to
30
minutes
prior
to
all
measurements.
The
room
lights
shall
be
turned
off,
except
for
the
minimal
lighting
provided
for
working
or
safety
reasons.
The
display
shall
be
calibrated
to
the
target
image
parameters
before
final
measurements
are
made.
8
Environment
π
8.1
Ambient
Luminance
π
An
Section
8.1.2
,
an
HDR
Reference
Display
can
be
either
a
reflective
projector
or
a
direct
view
display.
Stray
light
reflected
from
the
screen
or
display
should
be
minimized.
Black,
non-reflective
finishes
on
all
surfaces,
along
with
recessed
lighting,
should
be
used.
With
the
device
turned
off,
measure
the
luminance
of
the
center
of
the
screen.
For
both
Review
Rooms
and
Exhibition
Theaters,
the
ambient
light
level
measured
in
the
center
of
the
screen
should
be
less
than
or
equal
to
0.002
cd/m
2
for
reflective
projector
screens
and
less
than
or
equal
to
0.0002
cd/m
2
for
direct
view
displays.
A
lab
environment
used
for
device
testing
should
have
all
ambient
light
eliminated
such
that
reflected
light
on
screen
implementation
is
less
than
0.0005
cd/m
2
.
Safety
regulations
and
the
placement
of
exit
lights
or
access
lights
may
result
in
a
higher
ambient
light
level,
but
it
should
be
noted
that
this
will
reduce
the
contrast
of
the
resulting
image.
not
required
to
support
3D
HDR
DCDM.
The
reference
viewing
position
for
color
grading
dimensions
of
an
HDR
DCDM
image
frame
shall
be
as
defined
at
a
viewing
distance
of
1.5
to
3.5
screen
heights
(for
constant
height
presentation),
or
if
constant
width
is
used
for
both
2.39:1
and
1.85:1
aspect
ratios,
then
this
viewing
distance
refers
to
the
height
of
the
1.85:1
picture.
Lighting
on
work
surfaces
or
consoles
should
be
masked
and
filtered
to
eliminate
any
spill
onto
the
display.
Table
3
.
Label | Maximum width (pixels) | Maximum height (pixels) |
---|---|---|
2K | 2048 | 1080 |
4K | 4096 | 2160 |
When
the
Each
HDR
Reference
Display
is
sent
a
full
frame
image
with
the
code
values
2060
Xβ³,
2081
Yβ³,
2116
Zβ³,
the
chromaticity
coordinates
of
the
displayed
DCDM
image
pixel
shall
be
x
=
0.3127,
y
=
0.3291.
These
code
values
shall
produce
a
displayed
luminance
of
100.1
cd/m
2
within
the
specified
tolerances
in
Table
3
.
When
the
HDR
Reference
Display
is
sent
a
full
frame
image
with
code
values
2524
Xβ³,
2546
Yβ³,
2583
Zβ³,
the
chromaticity
coordinates
consist
of
the
displayed
image
shall
be
x
=
0.3128,
y
=
0.3290.
These
code
values
shall
produce
a
displayed
luminance
of
299.6
cd/m
2
within
the
specified
tolerances
in
Table
3
.
Behavior
triplet
of
code
values
representing
output
luminance
exceeding
299.6
cd/m
2
is
undefined.
Other
creative
white
points
are
possible
and
can
be
accommodated,
albeit
with
some
marginal
differences
in
peak
luminance.
Refer
to
Table
6
for
examples
of
alternative
creative
white
points.
(CV
Xβ³
,
CV
Yβ³
,
CV
Zβ³
).
In
the
event
that
display
or
projection
technology
is
developed
that
is
able
to
meet
all
provisions
of
this
specification
(e.g.,
peak
luminance,
screen
black
level,
etc.)
but
is
unable
to
meet
the
full-screen
luminance
requirements
stated
in
this
section,
DCI
leaves
open
the
possibility
of
developing
a
new
application
profile
Due
to
accommodate
such
technology.
9.3
Minimum
Active
Black
Level
π
Minimum
Active
Black
Level
shall
be
0.005
cd/m
2
and
shall
not
exceed
the
specified
tolerances
in
Table
3
.
Behavior
of
code
values
representing
output
luminance
below
0.005
cd/m
2
but
greater
than
zero
is
undefined.
When
the
quantization
errors,
HDR
Reference
Display
is
sent
a
full
frame
images
with
the
code
values
60
Xβ³,
62
Yβ³,
65
Zβ³,
the
chromaticity
coordinates
of
the
displayed
DCDM
image
shall
be
x
=
0.3095,
y
=
0.3296.
These
code
values
shall
produce
a
displayed
luminance
of
0.005
cd/m
2
within
the
specified
tolerances
in
Table
3
.
Minimum
active
black
level
shall
be
measured
in
a
manner
that
minimizes
or
eliminates
pixels
can
only
approximate
the
contribution
nominal
primaries
and
white
point
of
ambient
light.
9.4
White
Chromaticity
Uniformity
π
The
variance
in
displayed
chromaticity
across
the
display
shall
not
exceed
the
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume
specified
tolerances
in
Table
3
Section
5
.
The
encoding
transfer
function
shall
be
code
values
(CV
Xβ³
,
CV
Yβ³
,
CV
Zβ³
)
are
12-bit
unsigned
integers
in
the
range
[0,
4095]
and
are
obtained
from
XYZ
tristimulus
values
(as
defined
in
terms
of
output-referred
[ISO
11664-3]
XYZ
tristimulus
values
produced
by
the
HDR
Reference
Display
unit.
The
HDR
transfer
functions
are
specified
using
12bit
[SMPTE
ST
2084]
XYZ
Encoding
Primaries
and
[SMPTE
ST
2084]
EOTF,
)
as
shown
below:
follows:
where:
where:
and
the
The
unary
function
If
the
data
is
transported
over
certain
interfaces
(like
Serial
Digital
Interface),
code
values
0-15
and
4080-4095
are
reserved
(illegal)
code
values
and
these
code
values
will
be
clipped
(see
[SMPTE
ST
372]
).
9.5.2
Decoding
Function
π
The
following
equations
can
be
used
to
compute
X,
Y
and
Z
from
a
set
of
code
values:
XYZ tristimulus values are obtained from code values (CV Xβ³ , CV Yβ³ , CV Zβ³ ) as follows:
where:
No image pixel shall have a color outside the DCI HDR Color Volume specified at Section 5 .
Subtitle
essence,
as
defined
in
[SMPTE
ST
428-7]
,
uses
triplets
of
8-bit
integers,
denoted
(R,G,B)
to
specify
the
color
of
text,
e.g.,
using
the
Color
attribute,
and
the
color
of
individual
pixels
in
PNG
images.
HDR subtitle essence is subtitle essence, as specified in [SMPTE ST 428-7] , where R, G and B are interpreted as having been derived from CIE XYZ tristimulus values as follows:
For
example,
D65
White
at
48
cd/mΒ²
is
represented
by
the
triplet
(110,
111,
113)
or,
equivalently,
6D6F6E
in
hexadecimal.
The
Color
attribute
should
be
specified
on
all
Font
elements.
The
default
value
of
the
Color
attribute
(
FFFFFFFF
)
corresponds
to
X
=
Y
=
Z
=
10,000,
which
exceeds
the
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume.
The HDR DCP is a DCP whose picture and subtitle essence are made exclusively from HDR DCDM image and HDR DCDM subtitle essence, as defined in Section 6 . When the DCP is unpackaged, decrypted and decoded, the resulting image (the DCDM* in the [DCSS] ) is visually indistinguishable from the original HDR DCDM image.
Lossy image coding can cause pixel colors to be slightly outside the DCI HDR Color Volume specified at Section 5 even if the color of all DCDM image pixels are within the DCI HDR Color Volume image, as required at Section 6.1.3 .
An HDR DCP that conforms to this specification is identified by a combination of flags carried in the Composition Playlist and Picture Track Files.
For
Picture
Track
Files,
the
Transfer
Characteristic
property
of
the
Generic
Picture
Essence
Descriptor
shall
be
set
to
the
value
06.0E.2B.34.04.01.01.0D.04.01.01.01.01.0A.00.00
.
For
Composition
Playlists,
one
instance
of
the
ExtensionMetadata
element
whose
contents
match
those
specified
in
Table
4
shall
be
present.
The
ExtensionMetadata
element
is
defined
in
[SMPTE
ST
429-16]
C
Scope |
http://www.dcimovies.com/schemas/2018/HDR-Metadata
|
---|---|
Name |
Image
Encoding
Parameters
|
Property Name |
EOTF
|
Property Value |
ST
2084
|
Below is an example excerpt from such a Composition:
<ExtensionMetadata scope="http://www.dcimovies.com/schemas/2018/HDR-Metadata"> <Name>Image Encoding Parameters</Name> <PropertyList> <Property> <Name>EOTF</Name> <Value>ST 2084</Value> </Property> </PropertyList> </ExtensionMetadata>
Although the flags above only explicitly signal the use of the EOTF specified at SMPTE ST 2084, all requirements of the HDR DCP and HDR DCDM apply, including color volume requirements.
The size of each image codestream in a picture track file that carries HDR image essence shall conform to the constraints of Table 5 .
Maximum size of the codestream (byte) | Maximum size of component 1 of the codestream (byte) | Maximum combined size of components 2 and 3 of the codestream (byte) | |
---|---|---|---|
Monoscopic presentation | floor(56,250,000/ R ) | floor(56,250,000/ R ) | floor(28,125,000/ R ) |
Stereoscopic presentation | floor(28,125,000/ R ) | floor(14,062,500/ R ) | floor(14,062,500/ R ) |
R is the content frame rate, expressed in Edit Units per second. |
An HDR Reference Display in SDR Mode shall display SDR content in a manner that emulates the SDR display on which the content was mastered, including to [SMPTE ST 431-1] . An HDR Reference Display in SDR Mode shall not reproduce screen black level values lower than 0.01 cd/m 2 . In SDR Mode, the grayscale tracking shall conform to [SMPTE RP 431-2] , with the exception that screen black level shall only be displayed at luminance levels at or above 0.01 cd/m 2 .
The HDR Reference Display shall display content in HDR mode when presented with a Composition Playlist and MXF Transfer Characteristic containing the signaling specified in Section 7.1 .
The HDR Reference Display shall reproduce 2D HDR DCDM Image as specified at Section 6.1 .
The HDR Reference Display may reproduce 3D HDR DCDM Image as specified at Section 6.1 , in which case it shall reproduce all specified combinations of 3D HDR DCDM Image.
This specification does not require the HDR Reference Display to accurately reproduce light levels below 0.005 cd/mΒ²; nonetheless, if such a device can reproduce light levels below 0.005 cd/mΒ², it shall do so according to the decoding equation specified at Section 6.1.2.3 .
The behavior of the HDR Reference Display is unspecified when reproducing colors that are outside the DCI HDR Color Volume. As specified at Section 6.1.3 , the HDR DCDM does not contain colors outside the DCI HDR Color Volume.
The display shall be turned on and allowed to thermally stabilize for 20 to 30 minutes prior to all measurements. The room lights shall be turned off, except for the minimal lighting provided for working or safety reasons.
The display shall be calibrated to the target image parameters before final measurements are made.
An HDR Reference Display can be either a reflective projector or a direct view display. The level of ambient light reflected by the screen should be minimized. Black, non-reflective finishes on all surfaces, along with recessed lighting, should be used.
With the device turned off, measure the luminance of the center of the screen. For both Review Rooms and Exhibition Theaters, the ambient light level measured in the center of the screen should be less than or equal to 0.002 cd/m 2 for reflective projector screens and less than or equal to 0.0005 cd/m 2 for direct view displays. A lab environment used for device testing should have all ambient light eliminated such that the level of ambient light reflected by the screen is less than 0.0005 cd/m 2 . Safety regulations and the placement of exit lights or access lights may result in a higher ambient light level, but it should be noted that this will reduce the contrast of the resulting image.
The reference viewing position for color grading shall be at a viewing distance of 1.5 to 3.5 screen heights (for constant height presentation), or if constant width is used for both 2.39:1 and 1.85:1 aspect ratios, then this viewing distance refers to the height of the 1.85:1 picture. Lighting on work surfaces or consoles should be masked and filtered to eliminate any spill onto the display.
All image parameters shall be measured as light from the screen or display, with the measurements made from the reference viewing position in the Review Room, or from the center of the normal seating area in an Exhibition Theater.
Image parameters and tolerances assume that the coding equations specified in Section 6.1.2.2 are used.
The variance in the measured luminance from the center to the sides and corners of the screen or display shall not exceed the specified tolerances in Table 6 .
(
When
the
HDR
Reference
Display
is
sent
a
full
frame
image
with
code
values
2524
Xβ³,
2546
Yβ³,
2583
Zβ³,
the
Yxy
coordinates
of
the
displayed
image
shall
be
(Y
=
299.6,
x
=
0.3128,
y
=
0.3290),
within
the
specified
tolerances
in
Table
6
.
)
These
coordinates
approximate
the
nominal
white
point
of
the
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume.
The DCI HDR Color Volume allows other common white points to be reproduced, albeit with a maximum luminance lower than that achievable for the white point of the DCI HDR Color Volume. Refer to Table 9 for examples of alternative creative white points.
In the event that display or projection technology is developed that is able to meet all provisions of this specification (e.g., peak luminance, screen black level, etc.) but is unable to meet the full-screen luminance requirements stated in this section, DCI leaves open the possibility of developing a new application profile to accommodate such technology.
The Minimum Active Black Level is the lowest luminance that the HDR Reference Display is required to achieve.
The Minimum Active Black Level is 0.005 cd/m 2 , within the tolerances specified at Table 6 .
When the HDR Reference Display is sent a full frame images with the code values 60 Xβ³, 62 Yβ³, 65 Zβ³, the chromaticity coordinates of the displayed image shall be x = 0.3095, y = 0.3296. These code values shall produce a displayed luminance of 0.005 cd/m 2 within the specified tolerances in Table 6 .
All measurements shall be made in the center of the screen while in a lab environment such that no contamination from ambient light contributes to the output luminance.
The variance in displayed chromaticity across the display shall not exceed the specified tolerances in Table 6 .
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function is the EOTF specified in [SMPTE ST 2084] .
Section 6.1.2 specifies the mapping between XYZ tristimulus values and (CV Xβ³ , CV Yβ³ , CV Zβ³ ) code values.
EOTF
tracking
performance
shall
be
measured
at
the
code-values
described
in
Table
4
7
and
Table
5
8
with
the
tolerances
identified
in
Table
3
6
.
All
measurements
shall
be
made
in
the
center
of
the
Screen
screen
while
in
a
lab
environment
such
that
no
contamination
from
ambient
light
contributes
to
the
output
luminance.
The
HDR
color
volume
is
a
cuboid
with
vertices
determined
by
the
XYZ
coordinates
of
the
three
color
primaries,
the
white
point,
and
the
black
point.
The
color
primaries
and
white
point
in
See
Table
3
define
the
minimum
color
volume
for
an
HDR
Reference
Display.
6
.
Within
the
minimum
color
volume,
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume,
all
colors
shall
be
accurately
reproduced.
Table
3
6
defines
tolerances
for
the
color
primaries
of
the
minimum
color
volume.
DCI
HDR
Color
Volume.
Table
6
9
provides
exact
chromaticity
and
luminance
values
for
a
set
of
test
code
values
that
fall
within
these
tolerances.
All
measurements
shall
be
made
in
the
center
of
the
Screen
screen
while
in
a
lab
environment
such
that
no
contamination
from
ambient
light
contributes
to
the
output
luminance.
The
HDR
Reference
Display
image
parameters
parameter
values
and
tolerances
for
the
displayed
image
in
Review
Rooms
and
Exhibition
Theaters,
as
measured
from
the
display
or
screen,
and
including
the
room
ambient
light,
are
summarized
in
Table
3
6
.
Where
the
nominal
parameters
values
are
specified
as
minimums,
it
is
understood
that
these
parameters
shall
not
be
constrained
from
future
improvements
as
the
technology
progresses.
Tolerances for Electro-Optical Transfer Function distortion (measured as a percentage error) are calculated as follows:
Percentage error = 100*((measured luminance - target luminance) / target luminance)
where
target
luminance
is
derived
by
decoding
the
input
code
value
using
the
decoding
equation
in
Section
9.5.2
8.4.6.2
,
using
the
ranges
and
tolerances
specified
in
Table
3
6
.
Reference | Parameter |
|
HDR Reference Projector | HDR Direct View Display | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Review Room Tolerance | Exhibition Theater Tolerance | Review Room Tolerance | Exhibition Theater Tolerance | |||
Section
|
Luminance,
center,
Peak
Luminance,
White-1
|
299.6 cd/m 2 | Β± 18.0 cd/m 2 | Β± 30.0 cd/m 2 | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 |
Luminance,
Screen
Average,
White-1
|
299.6 cd/m 2 | N/A | N/A | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | |
Luminance, sides | 299.6 cd/m 2 | 85% to 100% of center | 75% to 100% of center | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | |
Luminance, corners | 299.6 cd/m 2 | 85% to 100% of center | Not Specified | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | Β± 9.0 cd/m 2 | |
Section
|
Minimum Active Black Level | 0.005 cd/m 2 | Β± 0.001 cd/m 2 | Β± 0.001 cd/m 2 | Β± 0.001 cd/m 2 | Β± 0.001 cd/m 2 |
Section
|
White
chromaticity,
center,
Peak
Luminance,
White-1
|
x
=
y = 0.3290 |
Β±
0.002
x
Β± 0.002 y |
Β±
0.006
x
Β± 0.006 y |
Β±
0.002
x
Β± 0.002 y |
Β±
0.006
x
Β± 0.006 y |
White chromaticity uniformity, corners (tolerance from center) |
Β±
0.000
x
Β± 0.000 y |
Β±
0.008
x
Β± 0.008 y |
Β±
0.015
x
Β± 0.015 y |
Β±
0.008
x
Β± 0.008 y |
Β±
0.015
x
Β± 0.015 y |
|
Section
|
Electro-Optical Transfer Function | Per [SMPTE ST 2084] |
Yβ¦0.02
cd/m
2
Β± 20%;
0.02<Yβ¦1.0
cd/m
2
|
Yβ¦0.02
cd/m
2
Β± 20%;
0.02<Yβ¦1.0
cd/m
2
|
Yβ¦0.02 cd/m 2 Β± 20%; 0.02<Yβ¦1.0 cd/m 2 Β± 5%; 1.0<Yβ¦299.6 cd/m 2 Β± 3% | Yβ¦0.02 cd/m 2 Β± 20%; 0.02<Yβ¦1.0 cd/m 2 Β± 5%; 1.0<Yβ¦299.6 cd/m 2 Β± 3% |
Section
|
Color Volume |
|
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Section
|
Color Accuracy | The following points are expressed in (x,y): Red (0.6800, 0.3200), Green (0.2650, 0.6900), Blue (0.1500, 0.0600) |
Red
(0.6800
Β±
Green (0.2650 Β± Blue (0.1500 + |
Input Code Values | Output XYZ Tristimulus | Output Chromaticity Coordinates | Output Luminance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step Number | CV Xβ³ | CV Yβ³ | CV Zβ³ | X | Y | Z | x | y | Y, cd/m 2 |
1 | 472 | 481 | 496 | 0.4748 | 0.5000 | 0.5441 | 0.3126 | 0.3292 |
|
2 | 603 | 614 | 632 | 0.9482 | 0.9999 |
|
0.3122 | 0.3292 |
|
3 | 758 | 771 | 792 |
|
|
|
0.3121 | 0.3293 |
|
4 | 1000 | 1015 | 1040 |
|
|
|
0.3124 | 0.3291 |
|
5 | 1211 | 1227 | 1255 |
|
|
|
0.3128 | 0.3288 |
|
6 | 1444 | 1462 | 1492 |
|
|
|
0.3128 | 0.3291 | 20.00 |
7 | 1783 | 1803 | 1836 |
|
|
|
0.3126 | 0.3292 | 50.01 |
8 | 2060 | 2081 | 2116 |
|
|
|
0.3127 | 0.3291 |
|
9 | 2350 | 2372 | 2408 |
|
|
|
0.3127 | 0.3292 |
|
10 | 2524 | 2546 | 2583 |
|
|
|
0.3128 | 0.3290 |
|
Input Code Values | Output XYZ Tristimulus | Output Chromaticity Coordinates | Output Luminance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step Number | CV Xβ³ | CV Yβ³ | CV Zβ³ | X | Y | Z | x | y | Y, cd/m 2 |
1 | 60 | 62 | 65 | 0.0047 | 0.0050 | 0.0055 | 0.3095 | 0.3296 | 0.0050 |
2 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 0.0071 | 0.0075 | 0.0081 | 0.3134 | 0.3302 | 0.0075 |
3 | 86 | 88 | 92 | 0.0096 | 0.0100 | 0.0109 | 0.3133 | 0.3281 | 0.0100 |
4 | 105 | 108 | 112 | 0.0143 | 0.0151 | 0.0163 | 0.3124 | 0.3309 | 0.0151 |
5 | 121 | 124 | 129 | 0.0191 | 0.0202 | 0.0219 | 0.3129 | 0.3293 | 0.0202 |
6 | 157 | 161 | 167 | 0.0333 | 0.0352 | 0.0381 | 0.3125 | 0.3300 | 0.0352 |
7 | 185 | 189 | 196 | 0.0478 | 0.0501 | 0.0544 | 0.3138 | 0.3291 | 0.0501 |
8 | 221 | 226 | 234 | 0.0714 | 0.0752 | 0.0815 | 0.3131 | 0.3296 | 0.0752 |
9 | 250 | 255 | 265 | 0.0952 | 0.0998 | 0.1093 | 0.3129 | 0.3279 | 0.0998 |
10 | 332 | 339 | 351 | 0.1895 | 0.1997 | 0.2180 | 0.3121 | 0.3289 | 0.1997 |
Input Code Values | Output XYZ Tristimulus | Output Chromaticity Coordinates | Output Luminance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patch | CV Xβ³ | CV Yβ³ | CV Zβ³ | X | Y | Z | x | y | Y, cd/m 2 |
Red-1 | 2234 | 1925 | 68 |
|
|
0.0060 | 0.6797 | 0.3202 | 68.13 |
Green-1 | 1988 | 2387 | 1327 |
|
|
|
0.2651 | 0.6899 |
|
Blue-1 | 1871 | 1525 | 2565 |
|
|
|
0.1501 | 0.0602 | 23.86 |
Cyan-1 | 2218 | 2434 | 2583 |
|
|
|
0.1998 | 0.3320 |
|
Magenta-1 | 2383 | 2049 | 2565 |
|
|
|
0.3362 | 0.1515 | 92.58 |
Yellow-1 | 2423 | 2510 | 1327 |
|
|
|
0.4380 | 0.5357 |
|
Red-2 | 2169 | 1899 | 1058 |
|
|
|
0.6401 | 0.3300 | 63.83 |
Green-2 | 2110 | 2402 | 1674 |
|
|
|
0.3001 | 0.6001 |
|
Blue-2 | 1834 | 1491 | 2524 |
|
|
|
0.1501 | 0.0602 | 21.70 |
Cyan-2 | 2280 | 2443 | 2576 |
|
|
|
0.2245 | 0.3288 |
|
Magenta-2 | 2322 | 2016 | 2533 |
|
|
|
0.3213 | 0.1541 | 85.39 |
Yellow-2 | 2432 | 2513 | 1731 |
|
|
|
0.4190 | 0.5054 |
|
White-1
(approx. D65 white) |
2524 | 2546 | 2583 |
|
|
|
0.3128 | 0.3290 |
|
White-2
(approx. D60 white) |
2509 | 2530 | 2534 |
|
|
|
0.3217 | 0.3376 |
|
White-3
(approx. D55 white) |
2493 | 2513 | 2478 |
|
|
|
0.3319 | 0.3476 |
|
The following parameters are also important to picture quality, but because they are difficult to measure with todayβs readily available instrumentation, they are generally assessed subjectively.
Instrumentation designers are encouraged to design and manufacture equipment that can be used to translate subjective parameters into objective performance characterization.
Using
the
black-to-white
gray
step-scale
test
pattern,
the
entire
step-scale
appears
neutral
without
any
visible
color
non-uniformity.
The
black-to-white
gray
step-scale
test
pattern
is
centered
on
the
display
and
occupies
a
rectangle
sized
20%
of
the
screen
height
by
80%
of
the
screen
width.
The
background
is
defined
by
code
values
[1000
1015
1040],
which
define
a
luminance
of
5.0
cd/m
2
and
chromaticity
coordinates
x
=
0.3124
y
=
0.3291.
Each
step
is
8%
of
the
screen
width
and
is
defined
by
the
code
values
in
Table
4
7
.
Using
the
black-to-dark
gray
step-scale
test
pattern,
the
entire
step-scale
appears
neutral
without
any
visible
color
non-uniformity.
The
black-to-dark
gray
step-scale
test
pattern
is
centered
on
the
display
and
occupies
a
rectangle
sized
20%
of
the
screen
height
by
80%
of
the
screen
width.
The
background
is
defined
by
code
values
[122
124
129],
which
define
a
luminance
of
0.020
cd/m
2
and
chromaticity
coordinates
x
=
0.3129
y
=
0.3293.
Each
step
is
8%
of
the
screen
width
and
is
defined
by
the
code
values
in
Table
5
8
.
All
measurements
shall
be
made
in
the
center
of
the
Screen
screen
while
in
a
lab
environment
such
that
no
contamination
from
ambient
light
contributes
to
the
output
luminance.
Contouring is the appearance of steps or bands where only a continuous or smooth gradient is expected. Because contouring is a function of many variables, it is important to look at a series of test patterns with shallow gradations to simulate naturally occurring gradations in images.
Examples include horizons, particularly at sunset or sunrise, and the natural falloff around high intensity spotlights, particularly if diffused by atmosphere or lens filtration. These test pattern ramps have a step width of no less than 4 pixels with an increment of one code value per step and are placed on a background equal to the minimum value in the ramp, so that the eye is adapted for maximum sensitivity.
Since dynamic fades to black are widely used in real-world content, a dynamic test pattern that fades slowly to black is another useful approach.
Each
image
is
viewed
in
the
proper
environment
as
defined
in
Section
7
8.3
,
and
ought
not
to
exhibit
any
contouring
(step
in
luminance),
or
color
deviation
from
the
neutral
gray.
The
color
image
encoding
parameters
for
todayβs
HDR
Reference
Displays
and
the
corresponding
color
conversion
steps
to
convert
from
P3D65
Rβ²Gβ²Bβ²
to
Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³
and
from
Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³
to
P3D65
RGB
are
shown
here
as
an
example
for
implementation.
P3D65
is
defined
in
[SMPTE
ST
2113]
.
Color conversion from Rβ²Gβ²Bβ² to Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³ typically involves the following five-step process:
The transfer function of the HDR Reference Display is explicitly specified by [SMPTE ST 2084] . The actual coefficients of the color transform matrices depend on the color primaries of the Mastering HDR Reference Display (encoding side) and the Cinema HDR Display (decoding side), and their respective white points.
[SMPTE ST 2084] is a defined standard, and 12-bit quantization is sufficient, so a normalized PQ is not needed. Using a normalized PQ might impede the cross-utilization of assets in other formats.
The processing steps for converting 12 bit Rβ²Gβ²Bβ² code values (which range from 0 to 4095) of the color-graded master to device-independent Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³ are shown below.
This color space conversion can be implemented within the color corrector or applied in a separate batch process. The equations below combine step #1 (inverse quantization) and step #2 ( [SMPTE ST 2084] EOTF):
where:
k
0
=
10
,
000
,
k
1
=
4095
,
m
1
=
2610
4096
β
1
4
,
m
2
=
2523
4096
β
128
,
c
1
=
c
3
β
c
2
+
1
,
c
2
=
2413
4096
β
32
and
c
3
=
2392
4096
β
32
The
output
(RGB)
of
this
linearization
is
a
floating
point
number
that
ranges
from
0.0
to
10000.0.
The
3x3
linear
matrix
is
then
applied
to
this
signal,
resulting
in
a
linear
XYZ
signal
with
floating
point
values
that
range
from
0.0
to
10000.0.
To
minimize
quantization
errors,
this
matrix
should
be
implemented
as
a
floating
point
calculation.
The
matrix
is
shown
here
to
14
significant
digits.
Finally,
the
Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³
encoding
transfer
function
is
defined
by
the
following
expression
which
performs
both
step
#4
(Inverse-EOTF)
and
step
#5
(12bit
Quantization).
(CV
Xβ³
,
CV
Yβ³
,
CV
Zβ³
)
are
obtained
as
specified
in
Section
6.1.2.2
.
This
equation
does
not
compensate
for
the
screen
black
level,
so
it
represents
an
absolute
encoding
of
the
light
levels
independent
of
the
screen
black
level.
The
Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³-to-P3D65
(CV
Xβ³
,
CV
Yβ³
,
CV
Zβ³
)-to-P3D65
RGB
processing
steps
for
a
Cinema
HDR
Display
with
the
same
color
primaries
as
the
HDR
Reference
Display
are
shown
below
and
defined
by
the
following
steps:
The
equations
below
show
step
#1
(inverse
quantization)
and
step
#2
(
[SMPTE
ST
2084]
EOTF)
combined:
X
=
k
0
(
m
a
x
[
(
C
V
X
β³
k
1
)
1
m
2
β
c
1
,
0
]
c
2
β
c
3
(
C
V
X
β³
k
1
)
1
m
2
)
1
m
1
(
14
)
π
Y
=
k
0
(
m
a
x
[
(
C
V
Y
β³
k
1
)
1
m
2
β
c
1
,
0
]
c
2
β
c
3
(
C
V
Y
β³
k
1
)
1
m
2
)
1
m
1
(
15
)
π
Z
=
k
0
(
m
a
x
[
(
C
V
Z
β³
k
1
)
1
m
2
β
c
1
,
0
]
c
2
β
c
3
(
C
V
Z
β³
k
1
)
1
m
2
)
1
m
1
(
16
)
π
Section
6.1.2.3
where:
k
0
=
10
,
000
,
k
1
=
4095
,
m
1
=
2610
4096
β
1
4
,
m
2
=
2523
4096
β
128
,
c
1
=
c
3
β
c
2
+
1
,
c
2
=
2413
4096
β
32
describes
steps
#1
and
c
3
=
2392
4096
β
32
#2.
Apply
XYZ
to
Step
#3
can
be
achieved
using
the
following
P3D65
color
encoding
primaries
transformation:
The resulting linear RGB light levels may end up being converted to other formats as the image data flows through the image/display processing operations involved in ultimately displaying the image to the viewer via the HDR display.
If other formats within the HDR display that may have a limited precision, it is important to preserve the visual fidelity/accuracy that is achievable with the 12 bit Xβ³Yβ³Zβ³ [SMPTE ST 2084] distribution format across the minimum gamut (luminance range and color volume) specified elsewhere in this document to ensure that additional fidelity isnβt loss.